Umuti w'Ubuhinga bw'Ivyuma Bikomeye kandi w'Ivyiyumviro
Mu myaka iheze,Inyubakwa z'icumabararonse ivyiyumviro vyinshi mu bijanye n’ubwubatsi, ubwubatsi bw’inganda, n’imigambi y’ubuhinga bwa none. Bamenyekanye kubera koUrugendo rudasanzwe - rumezekandiikirere kidasanzwe, imiterere y’ivyuma y’umubiri ihuriza hamwe inkomezi, ubuzima buramba, n’uburyo bwo gukwegera ubwiza - bikaba bituma ari amahitamwo meza ku bahinga b’ubwubatsi, abahinga, n’abahinguzi barondera ubuhinga bushasha n’ubuhinga bushasha.
Ni igiki cubaka Inzu y’Imbeho?
Inyubakwa y’icuma y’umugozi ni ikintu gikozwe ahanini mu cuma c’imbwebwe, kizwi kandi nk’icuma c’ikirere.
Icuma c’ivyuma ni igipimo kinini c’uburebure, icuma kiri hasi- ahaze carateguwe kugira ngo hakurweho ivy’uko umuntu akeneye gushushanya no guhingura igipande c’uburinzi ashikamye, nk’umugenga- nk’igice c’uburinzi igihe kigaragara ikirere.
Iyi oxide y’uburinzi ikora nk’intambamyi irwanya ukundi gusenyuka, ivyo bikaba bituma inyubakwa z’icuma z’impumyi ziguma zifise ubutungane mbere no mu bidukikije bikomeye vyo hanze. Ico bivamwo ni ikintu gitera neza uko igihe kigenda kirarenga, kigatera imbere ijwi ry’isi gishushe kandi ry’ubutaka rituma akaranga kayo k’ubwubatsi gatera imbere.
Ibarabara ry'ubuhinga ry'inyuma
Ibanga ryo gukomeza ubushobozi bw’icuma mu gihe caryo .igihimba c'umubiri, ivyo bikaba birimwo n'ibice bitobito vy'umuringa, chromium, nickel na phosphore.
Iyo ivyo bintu bishikiwe n’ikirere, ivyo bintu birafasha guhingura filime y’ibara ry’agahama ifatanye neza n’ivyuma.
Mu buryo butandukanye n’icuma gisanzwe ca carbone, gikomeza gutera imbere gushika gisenyutse, icuma c’icuma co mu gipfukisho .ihagaze inyuma yo gushikirwa n'intango ., kurinda ivyo bintu kugira ngo ntihagire ikintu gikomeye co gusenyuka no gukuraho ivy’uko bikenewe ko umuntu adafungura neza canke ko asubiramwo.
Ivyiza vy'ingenzi vy'inyubako z'ivyuma
(1) Uguhangana cane n'ukudahangana
Ivyuma vy’ivyuma bishobora guhangana n’imyaka myinshi y’ugushirwa hanze ata n’imwe isenyuka. Ikora neza cane mu bidukikije bifise imirongo y’amazi n’iy’amazi yumye - vyiza kuibikoresho vy'inganda, ububiko bw'ububiko, inyubakwa z'uburimyi, kandiIvy'ubwubatsi.
(2) Gucungera minimal
Igihe igice c’uburinzi kimaze gukura, icuma co mu gipfukisho gisaba .hafi nta yindi nkuru y'inyongera ., kugabanya ibiciro vy’igihe kirekire - amafaranga y’ugutunganya ibintu ugereranyije n’imiterere y’ivyuma vya kera.
(3) Ubuzima buramba .
Kubera ivyiwe - ivyiza vyo gukingira, .inyubakwa y'icumabishobora kumaraimyaka mirongon’ubuvuzi bukeyi, bikaba bituma ari kimwe mu bikoresho bikomeye cane mu bijanye n’ubwubatsi bw’ivyuma.
(4) Ugushikama kudakomeye
Igipande c'iherezo c'ikirere, gitukura- gitanga icuma c'umubiri .inganda ariko mu vy'ubuhinga. Ikoreshwa cane muriubuhinga bwa none, ubuhinga bwa bose, kandiigishushanyokubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo guvanga mu buryo buhuye n’ibikikuje.
(5) Inyungu zikomeye n’ibidukikije
Icumba c'ivyuma100% bishobora gusubirwamwo, kandi ubuzima bwabwo buramba buragabanya ukuntu umuntu akoresha ibintu uko igihe kigenda kirarenga. Kubura ibipfukisho canke irangi na vyo nyene biragabanya ivyuka vy’imiti, bikaba bihuye n’ingingo ngenderwako z'inyubako z'ivyatsi.
Ibikorwa vy'Inyubakwa za Corten
Ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’agaciro ni vyinshi kandi bikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye, harimwo:
Ivyumba vy’inganda:Ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ugusenyuka n'ikirere
Inyubakwa z'uburimyi:Ibiraro vy'ububiko buke canke ibikoresho vy'ububiko
Imigambi y’ubwubatsi:Gushiramwo hanze, gusesa canke kugaragara
Ibikorwa remezo vya Leta:Ibiraro, ibibanza vy'ibarabara ry'igariyamoshi, n'ibimenyetso vy'ibimenyetso
Ikoreshwa ry'ubudandaji:Amaduka y'ibiro, imbere y'ibiro, n'amabarabara yo hanze
Ivyoinkomezi n'agaciroituma inyubakwa z’icuma zo mu mazi zikora ibikorwa vy’ugukora n’ivyo gushaza.
Ivyuma vy'ivyuma n'ivyuma bimenyerewe
| Akaranga | Ivyuma vy'ivyuma | Inguvu zisanzwe za Carbon |
|---|---|---|
| Uguhangana | Hejuru – we ubwiwe- Igikoresho co gukingira | Hake – bisaba irangi canke gupfukama |
| Kubungabunga | mito | Gusubiramwo guhoraho |
| Isura | Rust-, igikoko c'akameremere | Ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma, bishobora kuba bifise amabara y'umugese |
| Ubuzima | Incuro 2–4 | Biterwa n'ugusenyuka |
| Iterambere rirama | Ishobora gusubirwamwo n'iyi eco- nziza | Ishobora gusubirwamwo ariko n'imyanda myinshi |
Iyi ngereranyo yerekana igitumaInyubakwa z'icumabariko bararushiriza gusubirira imiterere y’ivyuma bisanzwe mu bikorwa vyinshi vy’ubwubatsi n’ivy’inganda.
Ivyiyumviro vy'imiterere y'inyubako z'ivyuma
Igihe utegura inyubakwa y’ivyuma, ibintu vyinshi vy’ubuhinga bitegerezwa kwihwezwa kugira ngo bikore neza:
Gukura amazi neza: Gukingira amazi yirundanira bishobora kwihutisha gusenyuka.
Kwirinda gukorana n'ivyuma bitandukanye: Kugira ngo umuntu agabanye ugusenyuka kw’imitsi y’umubiri.
Ibidukikije bigenzurwa: Ituma habaho uguhingura ivyuma bimwe bimwe.
Ivyerekeye ido n'ido: Mu turere tumwetumwe, igipfukisho gitomoye kirakoreshwa kugira ngo ibara ry’ibara ry’umubiri rigume rihagaze kubera imvo z’ubwiza.
Mu gukurikiza izo ngingo ngenderwako z’uguhingura, abubatsi barashobora kumenya neza .ubuzima buramba n'ukuntu umuntu asay’ibintu vy’ivyuma.
Igituma inyubakwa z'amabuye y'agaciro zidafise ishingiro ku bijanye n'ubwubatsi bw'ubu
Inganda z’ubwubatsi ziriko zirahinduka zija ku rugero rwo hasi - gukomeza, buramba, n’ibikoresho biteye ubwoba.
Ivyuma vy’ivyuma birahuye n’ivyo vyose bisabwa, bitanga uburinganire bwiza hagati y’ibikorwa vy’imiterere n’ubwiza bw’uguhingura.
Ivyo bishobora gutuma habaho uburyo bwo kwubaka, bufatanijwe n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana n’ikirere, bituma ari amahitamwo meza cane ku migambi yo mu nganda no mu vy’ubwubatsi mu kinjana ca 21.
