Ihuriro ry'Inkomezi n'Imirongo: Ubwubatsi bw'Imirongo

Ivyiza vy'ubuhinga n'ubwiza bw'inyubakwa z'imiterereyashizeho uburyo bushasha bwo kwubaka ibisagara. Tuzotangaza mu buryo butunganye ubumenyi nyamukuru bw' inyubakwa z'imiterereubwubatsi buva mu bipimo bitatu: ingingo ngenderwako z'imiterere, uburyo bwo guhingura, n'inzira zo gutuma ibintu bigenda neza, no gusuzuma ingene bituma habaho ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kwubaka mu guhuza "inkomezi" n'"ugushikama".

 

 

Ivyiyumviro vy'imiterere y'Imirongo y'Imitsi: Ibuye ry'Ibuye ry'Icumba n'Ibikorwa

Ibiranga Imibare y'Ingaburo

inyubakwa zifise ikibanza gihambaye mu vy’ubwubatsi bwa none kubera ibiranga .uburemere buke, inkomezi nyinshi, ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gutera imiti, n'ukuzigama inguvu n'uburinzi bw'ibidukikije. Ivyo bintu bituma bashobora gushitsa ibisabwa bikomeye vy’inyubakwa mu gihe bikora cane mu bijanye n’ubushobozi bwo kwubaka n’ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.

 

Igishushanyo n'Ubwubatsi bw’Imiterere y’Ibumba

Inzira y’inyubakwa, kuva kuumugambi w'intangokuIgishushanyo, hanyumagutunganya ibicekandikuri - gushiramwo, birafitaniye isano rya hafi:

• Intambwe y’akarorero: Kwibanda ku bijanye n’uko uburyo bwo kwubaka n’uburyo bwo gukora buhinduka;
• Intambwe y’uguhingura: Kumenya neza umutekano n’ugushikama biciye muigiharuro c'imiterere n'imiterere;
• Intambwe y'ubwubatsi: Vy'ukuri kuibihimba bimenyerewekugira ngo umuntu ashike ku ntumbero nziza, kandi akurikize neza ivy’ukwemera uburyo bw’ubuhinga bwo kugenzura uburyo.

 

Ibisabwa nyamukuru mu guhingura imiterere y'ivyuma

Igihe umuntu ariko arahingura inyubakwa, ibintu vyinshi bikwiye gufatwa mu buryo burambuye:

• Guhuza imigambi nyayo n’ibiranga imiterere, naGuhitamwo neza imigambi y'imiterere, ibikoresho, isesengura ry'ingaruka z'ibikorwa, n'ingero z'ubwubatsi;
• Kumenya neza inkomezi, ugushikama, n’ugukomera kw’ibihimba vyoseuruziga rwose rwo gutwara, gushiramwo, no gukoresha;
• Guhuraanti- Guharura, gukingira umuriro, n'ibisabwa vyo gusanasana, mu gihe uburinganire "busanzwe" n'"ubutunzi" kugira ngo bigabanye umubare w'ubuhinga bwo guhingura no gushiramwo ibintu uko bishoboka kwose;
• Inyandiko z'imiterere zikeneye gusobanura amakuru y'ingenzi nk'ubuzima bw'ibikorwa, urugero rw'ivyuma, uburyo bw'ibikoresho vyo gufatanya, n'ibisabwa n'ubuhinga, n’uburyo bwo gusudira n’urugero rw’uburyo na vyo nyene bikwiye gukurikira ata gufyina ivyerekeye.

 

Igishushanyo c'umurongo n'Igishushanyo c'Ihuriro: Ibarabara ry'Ibikorwa Kugereranya

 

Ingabirano zo kugereranya	Uburyo bwo gukora	Imiterere y'intete
Ibintu vy'ibikoresho	Ivyiza cane mu gukomera, bigoyagoya mu gukomera (bisaba gukomeza)	Ivyiza cane mu bijanye n'ugukomera no mu gukomera, uburyo bwiza bwo gukora
Ubushobozi bw'imiterere	Anti- Guhindura no kurwanya -veration ivana n'igice cose	Gutera ubwoba cane (ugushinyagurira), gufata ibintu bitera ubwoba, no kwitandukanya n’abandi
Ifomu ihurikiye hamwe	Gushaza	Nta gucagura
Ivyiyumviro vy'umugambi	Formula- ishingiye (ahanini iva ku icicaro)	Ishingiro rikomeye ry'ivyiyumviro (bishigikiwe n'ingingo ngenderwako nyinshi z'ubuhinga)
Umugambi w'izina	Igishushanyo c'inyuguti	Igishushanyo c'inyuguti (bisaba ko arwanya {{0} =_gushobora gukosorwa n'urushe)
Kwigira - uburemere n'ubukomezi	Ukwikunda cane- uburemere, uburemere bwiza	Umuco wisunga - uburemere, bisaba kwitaho kubera ugusenyuka kworoshe

 

Iryo tandukaniro ry'ibikorwa rigena ko inyubakwa zibereye cane ku rugero runini- imbere, nini- ikibanza, n'ibintu bikomeye- vyari bifise ishusho y'inyubako, mu gihe inyubakwa za beton zikirimwo inyungu zihuye mu nyubakwa zisanzwe.

 

 

Amafoto y'imiterere y'ivyuma n'ibikorwa: Guserura ibishushanyo vy'amafomu atandukanye

 

Inyubakwa z'imiterere y'ivyuma ni "platic" cane, zitanga uburyo butandukanye bw'imiterere kugira ngo bushike ku nkenegwa zitandukanye z'ubwubatsi:

 

Gushira mu migwi Imibare y'Ingaburo

• Multi-storeya n'isonga - Uburyo bwo kwubaka: Imibumbe y’imbere, akadiri- mibumbe, ikadiri- Uburyo bw’imirongo y’imirongo, imiterere y’ibintu bitandukanye, n’ibindi, ni amahitamwo asanzwe ku bibanza vy’ubudandaji n’inyubakwa z’ibiro;
• Ibintu bishobora guhinduka: Imiterere y’imirongo y’imirongo, umugozi- N’imibumbe, imiterere y’imirongo, imiterere y’imirongo y’imirongo, umugozi- imibumbe y’imirongo, n’ibindi, guhingura ibisenge vy’ibishushanyo vy’ibibanza vy’imyimenyerezo n’ibibanza vy’iyerekanwa bifise “umuco, yoroshe, n’uburyo bwiza”;
• Igishushanyo c'Ikibanza: Akenshi ikoreshwa ku bipfukisho vy’igisenge, gushika ku gipfukisho kinini c’ibipfukisho c’ibipfukisho vy’ibipfukisho biciye mu gufatanya inkoni;
• Imiterere y'Iyuze: Ikoreshwa cane, risa n'"imirongo y'amazi n'inkingi", kenshi riboneka mu binogo binini binini-span, ibipfukisho vy'igisenge, n'ibiraro vy'ibirenge;
• Igishushanyo c'Igikoresho c'Igikoresho: Akenshi ikoreshwa mu gupfuka ibisenge vyo mu karere, ibipfukisho vy’igisenge, n’ivy’inyubako, bifise umuco n’imiterere isanzwe, nk’ivyo kwinonora imitsi muri kaminuza zimwe zimwe;
• Ibindi bibumbano: Ikoreshwa ku mahinguriro canke inyubakwa z’igihe gito, kandi inyubakwa zimwezimwe zidasanzwe na zo nyene zishingiye ku mibumbe y’icuma kugira ngo zishike ku buryo budasanzwe.

 

Amafoto asanzwe y'Imirongo y'Imirongo

Igihe umuntu ariko arahingura ibintu binini binini-span n’ivy’ivyuma bikomeye, umuntu akwiye kwitwararika izo nzira z’inguvu:

• Isesengura ry’ibintu vyinshi rifatanijwe n’imiterere y’indege, igihe, umuzigo, n’ibindi, kugira ngoinzira y'ugutanga inguvu n'ugushikama muri rusangi, kandi imibumbe y'indege ikeneye gutangwa n'inyuma y'ibarabara.
• Ivyuma binini binini vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma bikwiye gusuzuma .mbere y'ugusangira kw'imirongo y'imirongokugira ngo ntihagire imiterere y’imibumbe iterwa n’ugutembagazwa kw’imirongo y’umuntu ku giti ciwe;
• Ivyuma vy’inkofero, kimwe - ibipfukisho vy’ivyuma vy’imbere, n’ibindi, ahanini bikaba bifatanye, bikeneye gukoreshwa .Isesengura ry'ugushikama ritari umurongo;
• Ivyiyumviro vyinshi vy'imibumbe mu bice vy'imitingito bikwiye kwihwezaIngaruka z'imitingito ihagaze n'ihagaritse, kandi manini manini manini-span arakeneye gushitsa ibisabwa n'impumurizo;
• Ivyiyumviro vyinshi- canke vy’imbere y’igihe bifise inyubakwa zikomeye zikeneye .Isesengura ry'uburyo bwo kwubaka.

 

Insobanuro y'ido n'ido y'imiterere y'imiterere y'ivyuma

Multi-storeya n'isonga -Ibarabara ry'Imirongo y'Imirongo

• Ivyiza (bigereranywa na beton): Umuco wisunga - uburemere, wihuta kuri - umuvuduko wo kwubaka, uburyo bworoshe bw’imirongo, inkingi, n’ibifasha, bibereye ku bijanye no gukora, gutwara, no gushiramwo;
• Ivyago: Muri rusangi igiciro kinini, gisaba ko umuntu adafungura neza kubera ugusenyuka kworoshe, birakenewe ko hakorwa ibindi vyo gushaza ku bwoko bumwe bumwe bw’inyubako, kandi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imirongo y’ivyuma buragoyagoya;
• Ibikoresho: Inyubakwa nini z’abantu bose, inyubakwa za bose, ibiterwa vy’inganda, n’inyubakwa zifise ibisabwa bidasanzwe ku kirere n’imiterere (nk’ibibanza vy’imikino, amazu y’ubudandaji, amazu y’imyimenyerezo).

 

Imiterere ishobora guhinduka

• Ivyiza: Ubutunzi mu gukoresha icuma, bukoreshwa cane, buraremereye kandi bwiza, bufise ubwiza bw’umurongo buyoroshe cane;
• Ivyago: Ubwubatsi bugoranye, ibisabwa vyinshi vy’ubuhinga, inzira ndende y’ugutanga amasoko, igiciro kinini, n’ugusuzuma n’ugucungera ubudasiba bisabwa;
• Ibikoresho: Ibisenge vyinshi, ibisenge vy'inyubako, "vy'ubuhinga" vy'inyubakwa z'agaciro.

 

Igishushanyo c'Ikibanza

• Ivyiza: Intunganyo y’ugushigikirana, bibereye ku guhingura, inkoni imwe imwe, yoroshe gusenyura no gukoranya;
• Ivyago: Ivyinshi ku bijanye na - gushiramwo umuzigo wo gusudira, inguvu z’inguvu gusa ku bice gusa, igiciro kinini c’infashanyo y’igihe gito ku gusenyura no gukoranya, ibisabwa vyinshi kugira ngo umuntu atere imbere muri rusangi, akoreshwa cane cane mu bibanza bifise ama pantas manini manini, igiciro kinini;
• Ibikoresho: Ibipfukisho vy’Igisenge, ama platforms ya mezzanine.

 

Igishushanyo c'Igikoresho c'Igikoresho

• Ivyiza: Ubutunzi mu gukoresha icuma, burashobora guhingura ibibanza binini bifise inkoni ntoyi, mu bisanzwe nta gikoresho kidasanzwe co gukura amazi mu mazi gikenewe;
• Ivyago: Amabwirizwa menshi ku bijanye no guhingura, inguvu z’inguvu gusa ku bice, ibisabwa mu guhingura ibintu vyinshi, ingorane nyinshi iyo umuzigo w’uguhingura n’umuzigo w’ibikorwa udahuye, igiciro kinini c’infashanyo y’igihe gito ku gusenyura no gukoranya, ibisabwa vyinshi kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gutera imbere muri rusangi, kandi nta n’umuzigo munini wo mu karere wemerewe;
• Ibikoresho: Ivyumba vy’inyubako canke ibipfukisho vy’igisenge (nk’ibibanza bimwe bimwe vy’iyerekanwa, ibipfukisho vy’igisenge ca sinema).

 

Imiterere y'Iyuze

• Ivyiza: Gushiramwo neza, urutonde rw’ibikorwa vyinshi, urudodo rwiza n’inkingi zifise ibice bininibinini;
• Ivyago: Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashigikire, akwiriye gusa inguvu imwe y’inzira imwe, icuma kinini cane;
• Ibikoresho: Ivyuma binini binini- ibipfukisho bininibinini, ibipfukisho binini binini vy’igisenge, amagariyamoshi, ama platforms, ibiraro vy’abagenda n’amaguru, n’ibindi.

 

 

Guhindura Imigenzo y'Imibumbe y'Ingabire: Ishingiro ry'ubushobozi n'Ubutunzi

Ubutunzi Influens Influents Influents z'Umubiri w'Igitsina

Inyubakwa z'inyubakwa zitandukanye zifise ubushobozi butandukanye bw'ubutunzi:

• Ibara ry'intete: Na cane cane .uburebure, igihe, uburemere bw'imitingito, umuzigo, umuzigo w'umuyaga, n'uburyo bwo kubara;
• Igikoko c’inyuma, igisasu c’ibara ry’agahama, igiti c’umuberoshi: .mu gihe, umuzigo w'umuyaga, uburyo bwo gufasha, ingaruka z'ubushuhe, n'uburemere bw'imitingito;
• Umubumbe w’ibintu: Uretse ibintu biri hejuru, birafitaniye isano n’akamaro n'ivyo bisabwa;
• Igereranyo ry’ugukoresha steel (kuva ku rinini gushika ku rito): Umugozi w’umurongo > y’umurongo w’ivyuma > igipande c’imbere > c’ivyuma > lattise > >

 

Ingamba zo guhindura Imirongo y'Imirongo

• Ivyuma vy’ihuriro bishobora gutunganirizwa neza ku mibumbe y’ivyuma (nk’aho mu bihe nk’ibibanza vy’ubuhinga n’ivy’ivyuma vy’agaciro kanini);
• Ivyizigiro, ivyumba vy'ikirere, n'imiterere ishobora guhinduka bishobora kuba .mu vyiyumviro vyahinduwe, kandi uguhitamwo kwihariye gukwiye gushingiye ku giciro n’imiterere y’ubwubatsi (ugukoresha ivyuma rusangi: imiterere y’ivyuma > lattise > lattise >;
• Ivyatsi binini binini-span icuma n’ivyuma bishobora guhindurwa;
• Inkingi za beton zikomejwe n’ivyuma ntizishika ku ntango y’umushinge, kandi iyo umuco w’inkingi y’ivyuma vyuzuye ari icuma, igice ca beton na co nyene gishobora gukurwako;
• Uburyo bwo guharura n’ingene urubibi ruzoba bigira ico bikoze ku bisubizo, kandi gutunganirizwa bikwiye gukorwamu rugero rwemewe n'ibisobanuro.

 

 

Inyubakwa z’imibumbe ni uguhuza ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga n’ubuhinga bwo kwubaka. Bashigikira ibikorwa vy'inyubako n'"inkomezi" kandi bagahingura ibimenyetso vyo mu bisagara n'"ubuhinga."

Biciye mu gutahura cane ingingo ngenderwako zabo zo guhingura, uburyo bwo guhingura, n’ingene bigenda neza, turashobora gutahura neza inzira y’iterambere ry’ubwubatsi bwa none no gutanga infashanyo nyinshi mu vy’ubuhinga ku guhingura ibintu bishasha mu vy’ubwubatsi.