Ni kuki Inzu z’ubwubatsi z’Umuco Bikundwa? Ni gute Inzu y’Imitsi y’Umuco?
Inzu z’ubwubatsi z’ivyuma ni ubwoko bw’inzu yubakiye ubu bukwegera abantu benshi. Nk’ubwoko bushasha bw’ubwubatsi bw’inzu, naho igihe co kuduzwa mu ntebe ari gito, birahagije kugira ngo umuntu agire ikiganiro gishushe hagati ya bose. None ni kuki amazu y’ubwubatsi y’ivyuma yari yadutse? Inyuma y’aho, umunyamabanga azoraba abantu bose.
Ni kuki inyubakwa z’icuma zitoyi zaduze?
Ugutera imbere kw’amazu y’ubwubatsi y’ivyuma mu bijanye n’ubwubatsi ntibishobora gutandukanywa n’ukwemera no guteza imbere igihugu. Ikindi, na vyo nyene ntibishobora gutandukanywa n’ivyiza vyayo vy’ubwubatsi. Isesengura ryihariye ni ibi:
1. Guteza imbere inyubakwa z’ivyuma vy’umuco mbere y’igihe ni vyiza kuzigama ubutunzi n’inguvu, kugabanya ubuhumane bw’ubwubatsi, gutuma habaho ubushobozi bwo gukora neza n’uburyo n’umutekano. Ni vyiza guteza imbere ubufatanye bwimbitse mu bijanye n’ugushiramwo inganda z’inganda z’ubwubatsi n’ubuhinga bw’amakuru, gutera imbere inganda nshasha n’inguvu nshasha, no guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga burengeje urugero.
2. Ukuboneka neza
Ivyuma vy’uburebure buhambaye bifise ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gukora kandi birashobora gukoranirizwa hamwe, bikaba bishoboka ko umuntu yubaka inyubakwa zitandukanye.
3. Igitigiri kinini c'abaronka inzu
Inkuta z’imbere z’inyubakwa z’ivyuma zifise umuco ni 11cm gusa kandi inkuta z’inyuma ni 16cm, ivyo bikaba ari hasi cane y’ivy’ibibanza vy’amatafari. Iragwiza ahantu hakoreshwa gushika ku 7-10% ugereranyije n’imiterere isanzwe y’amatafari.
4. Umubabaro
I. Ubushuhe bwo gukingira: Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu nyubakwa z’ivyuma vy’umuco birafise ibikorwa vyo gukingira ubushuhe. Uruhome rw’uburebure bwa 15cm rungana n’uruhome rw’amatafari rufise uburebure bwa metero 1. Ivyiza kuruta ibindi vyose vyo gukingira ubushuhe.
B. Ijwi ry’ivyuma: Inyubakwa z’ivyuma z’umuco yuzuye ipampa y’ivyuma, kandi ingaruka z’ivyuma zishika ku 50db, mu gihe imiterere y’amatafari isanzwe iri munsi ya 40db.
C. Ibarabara ry’inyuma n’iry’ubukonje: Uruhome rwose rw’inyubako y’ivyuma vy’umuco rufise uruzitiro rw’urupapuro rwo guhema rw’inzira imwe. Umuyaga ushobora kuba ubuntu kandi uryoshe ariko umwotsi w’amazi ntushobora kwinjira mu nzu uvuye hanze, ushika ku gikorwa co kuba umuntu ashobora guhumeka kandi adashobora gukonja.
5. Ubwubatsi bwihuse n'ugubungabunga vyoroshe
Inyuma y’aho umushinge urangiye, akenshi bisaba imisi 30-50 kugira ngo urangire, ivyo bikaba ari igice c’igihe c’imiterere y’amatafari. Inzu z’ubwubatsi z’ivyuma zikeyi ni 1/6 gusa z’uburemere bw’amazu ya kera, ivyo bikaba bigabanya ingorane zo gutwara abantu mu misozi kandi biroroshe kwubaka.
6. Umutekano
I. Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’umutingito: Ikoresha icuma c’uburebure burengeye, n’ugukomera kwinshi, inkomezi nyinshi, n’uburemere bw’umuco. Ni imiterere ishobora guhinduka kandi ifise ivyiza vy’ukurwanya nyamugigima, kandi ishobora kwihanganira ubunini bwa 9 bwa nyamugigima.
B. Uguhangana n’umuyaga: Imiterere y’inyubako y’amabuye y’agaciro ifise ubukomezi bwiza muri rusangi n’ubushobozi bukomeye bwo guhindura, ivyo bikaba bishobora gukurwaho mbere no mu bihe vy’igihuhusi. Uburyo n’umushinge bifitaniye isano n’ibihimba vy’umubiri n’ibihimba birwanya uruzitiro, bishobora kwihanganira ibipimo 12 vy’ingabire{5}}
C. Uguhangana n’ugusesagura: Inyubakwa z’ivyuma z’umuco zifise uburemere buke, ubufatanye bukomeye muri rusangi, n’uguhangana neza n’ugusesagura kw’ubutaka.
D. Ubushobozi bw’umuriro: Inyubakwa z’ivyuma vy’umuco mu bisanzwe zikozwe mu bikoresho bitagira umuriro n’ibidashoboka, kandi bikaba bifise ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gukingira umuriro.
Uko wokwubaka inzu y'inyubako y'ivyuma
1. Ishirahamwe
Inzu y’inyubako y’ivyuma yoroshe iraremereye cane, iri munsi ya 1/4 y’uburemere bw’inzu y’inyubako y’amatafari. Ku bw’ivyo, ibisabwa kugira ngo umushinge w’umushinge ube ari muto cane, kandi umushinge ntukeneye kwimba vyimbitse cane. Ariko rero, bitandukanye n’umushinge w’inzu y’imiterere y’amatafari. Itandukaniro ni uko akeneye hasi y’isimenti.
2. Gushiramwo ivyuma vy'icuma
Inyuma yo gukingira amazi umushinge w’ibarabara, ushireho igiti. Ico gikoresho c’icuma c’umuco ni igikoresho c’icuma gifise impande zibiri. Nta n’umwe afise ubukomezi bwiza gusa, ariko kandi aratuma iyo nzu itazokwigera isenyuka mu gihe c’umutingito. Ibarabara hagati y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’umuco riharurwa mu buryo bwa siyansi kugira ngo inzu yose ibe nziza.
3. Gushiraho Wall
Inkuta z’amazu y’ubwubatsi y’ivyuma na yo nyene irakeneye gushirwaho. Mu buryo butandukanye n’amazu y’imigenzo asaba amatafari atukura na beton, inkuta z’amazu y’ubwubatsi y’ivyuma yoroshe igizwe n’ibipande bikora. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibipande bikora. Ivyo vyakoreshejwe cane ni nk’ivyo gutera umuriro, amazi adatera amazi, urusaku, ivyuma bikingira ubushuhe, ivyuma bikingira ubushuhe n’ibikoresho bitandukanye vyo kumanika uruhome kugira ngo bisharire, n’ibindi.
4. Ubuvuzi bw'ibitonyanga
Ivyo gusukura igisenge bisa n’ugushiraho uruhome, kiretse ko hariho igice co kurinda izuba n’igice kidashobora guterwa n’amazi, kandi igiti c’amabuye gipfutse hejuru.
5. Ubuvuzi bw'uruhome rw'imbere
Ibikoresho vy’inkuta z’imbere bishobora gutorwa bivanye n’ingene ubutunzi bumeze. Ivyo bikoresho birimwo igiti c’umukaraba, mu gihe ibintu bizimvye cane birimwo ibiti vy’ibiti, ibiti vy’ibiti, n’ibindi. Igiciro c’ivyo bikoresho gifitaniye isano n’igiciro cose c’inzu.
6. Guhitamwo ibice
Ubutandukane bw’ibice na bwo buratandukanye cane. Ikindi, ibiciro vy’inzugi, hasi, amakabine n’ibindi bihimba na vyo nyene biratandukanye cane. Abantu bahitamwo bivanye n’ukuntu ivyabo vyifashe.
7. Umubiri munini w’inzu y’inyubako y’ivyuma y’umuco ugabanywamwo ivyo bice bitandatu. Inyuma yo kurangiza, ugushiraho amazi n’amashanyarazi birashobora kurangira hakurikijwe imiyoboro y’amazi yabikiwe, hanyuma ugashobora kwinjira.
